Topic : satellite Instructional Television Experiment

Name : Goswami  Gayatri m

M.A Sem : 4

Year : 2015

Roll no : 8

Paper no : 15 Mass communication and Media Studies

PG Enrolment number : 13101011

Email ID : gayatrigaswami19@gmail.com

Submitted to :Department of English smt. SB .Gardi Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University

Introduction of Satellite Instructional Television 

Experiment :

                        The satellite instructional Television Experiment or SITE was an experimental satellite communication projected launched in Indian in 1975, designed jointly by NASA and the Indian space research organization ( ISRO). An ISRO technician next to a working model of the solid state television set, designed with NASA assistance , for use in SITE .image courtesy NASA.

                       The experiment ran for one year from 1 august 1975 to 1976 , covering more the 2400 villages in 20 district of six Indian states and territories. (Andhra Pradesh , Bihar , Karnataka , Madhya Pradesh , Orissa , Rajasthan) the television programmes were produced by all Indian radio and broadcast by NASA ATS-6 satellite station of the duration of the project.

                      The project was supported by various international agencies such as the UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, and ITO. the experiment was successful, as it played a major role in helping develop India’s own satellite program, INSAT.

                     The project showed that India could use advanced technology to fulfill the socio- economic need of the country. SITE was following by similar experiments in various countries, which showed the important role satellite TV cold play in providing education.

                      Satellite television can be defined as television broadcasting in form using satellite technology. after 1982 when Indian national satellite was launched there come a sharp rise in member of transmitter, bean cooler television and television of aside game increased private investment in television sets.

Today one third of Indian television households have access to C & S TV.

Satellite Instructional Television Experiment:

                   Beginning of satellite Television in India was marked by word first techno social experiment SITE for education and development purpose. That followed number of other experiment like SITE continuity, school television, UGC county wide class room, Sheba development communication UGC project, Indira Gandhi national award open university transmutation and development and lately channels like training and development communication channel and Gyan Darshan for education and social development purpose.

                       Technology provide the scope of democratization at the some time creates issue related to control and access for others who do not own it show technologies varietal role in are life. the SITE education programmers  were also aimed at making the children sensitive to, and learn community living and improve their basic concept and skills in the areas of language and science.

                     The satellite instructional television experiment in the television programmers were directed at creating, purposive and stimulating. the education programmers were so designed as to familiarize children with facts and matters normally beyond their observation and experience.

                       The education and development programmers were beamed up to the satellite from earth stations set up to the satellite from earth station set up in Ahmadabad and Delhi and were broadcast towards India using the high power transmitter and the large antenna aboard ATS -6. These programmer were received in about 2400villages in six different states of India.

                      One of the purposes of the experiment was to provide a system test of direct broadcast technology in relation to a large developing country like Indian could fabricate, manufacture and maintained the required earth station, rebroadcasting transmitters and community raving so in far off villages with adequate efficiency and reliability.

                      The experiment also considered as a learning experience to design, produce and telecast relevant educational and development programmers to widely spread areas of technology management making and program support to tarn this new broadcasting innovation into a powerful aid to education and development for hitherto neglected rural areas.

The study of explored:

1.The extent to which a climate for development was created by SITE.

2. The extent to which SITE accelerated the process of development.

3. The extent to which the attitudinal and behavioral changes took place as a result of SITE.

Result of the experiment were :

1.    As a system test of satellite broadcast technology in a country like India , the experiment was singular success. The research and As a system test of satellite broadcast technology in a country like development capability generated during setting up of this experiment was an invaluable spin – off.

2.     It was more effective than all other media in attracting the female audience.

3.     The continuous feedback through everyday interviews showed that the audience forward to sociocutural programmers.

4.     A large  longitudinal survey showed large goings in information, awareness and knowledge in areas such as health and hygiene, political consciousness, overall modernity , and family planning. it was also found that the gains were greater for under privileged sections of the rural society such as females and illiterates. The gains increased with the degree of television viewing.

5.     In the area of agriculture, large number of innovations triggered by the television programmers. Formers adopted  only those new practices which did not demand additional expense on infrastructure.

6.    A survey of children showed positive gains in the area of language development and in the attitude of seeking knowledge and information from sources other than conventional from sources other than conventional classroom teaching.

7.    I both attitudinal, as well as in behavioral information , the overall modernity information the overall modernity in increased as a result of TV viewers. It was higher among female frequent viewers as imported frequent viewers. They learnt new stories and songs and activities such as making of models and toys becomes popular in most of the schools.

                     Satellite instructional television experiment is one of the pioneer experiment Indian television scenario where television is used for social causes.The experiment become a tool for mass education through various programmers designed exclusively for the project. The programmers concentrated on education, agriculture, health and family planning.

                  It was the first experiment to telecast education programmers direct from satellite to receivers. The earth station at Delhi and Ahmadabad telecasted four hours programmers every day. Adults are exposed to instructional television.

Television programs :

      

Educational television:

                  Educational television programmers designed for school children. Such a programmed focused on education. Broadcast I.S hours programmes as part of the school activity. During holidays, the time used for school teacher empowerment.

                   Varieties of content developed to train teacgers through the facilities provided by the project. Almost 10000 primary school teacher become part of the training program.

Instructional television (ITV):

                  Adults are exposed to instructional television. The village of talk assembled around television sets in evening. Instructional television book or films are to offer them help with a particularly problem. Instructional material designed to help you with your life style. SITE is result of a recommendation by the UNESCO expert mission in 1967.using the facility SITE commenced its operation on august 01, 1975 the experiment become a great success.

                       Technologically the experiment put forward insights and the demands took a positive initiative to develop own satellite for communication. Television is a telecommunication medium that is used of transmitting and receiving moving images and sound.  

                      Television can transmit images that are monochrome, in color or in three dimensions. Television may also refer specifically to a television set , television , program , or television transmission.

                   Television singal were initially distributed only as broadcast television or terrestric television wich is mudded on radio broadcasting systrms.

Type of Television :

Broadcast system in Television :

Satellite Television :

                             Satellite television system is a supplying television programming using broadcast signal relayed from communicating satellite. The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic reflactor antenna usually referred to as a satellite dish and low – noise black down converter. satellite TV system formally used system known as television receiver only  .

Terrestrial Television :

                    

Terrestrial television is a type of television broadcasting in which the television signal is transmitted by radio waves to the TV receiver from a terrestrial (Earth based) transmitter, a television station, and received with an antenna. The term is more common in Europe, while in North America it is referred to as broadcast television or sometimes over-the-air television (OTA). The term "terrestrial" is used to distinguish this type from the newer technology of satellite television(direct broadcast satellite or DBS television), in which the television signal is transmitted to the receiver from an overhead satellite, and cable television, in which the signal is carried to the receiver through a cable.

Cable Television :

                         

Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or light pulses through fiber-optic cables. This contrasts with traditional terrestrial television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone service, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables.


The abbreviation CATV is often used for cable television. It originally stood for Community Access Television or Community Antenna Television, from cable television's origins in 1948: in areas where over-the-air reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large "community antennas" were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes. The origins of cable broadcasting are even older as radio programming was distributed by cable in some European cities as far back as 1924.

Internet Television :
Internet television (or online television) is the digital distribution of television content via the Internet. Internet television is a general term that covers the delivery of television shows and other video content over the Internet by video streaming technology, typically by major traditional television broadcasters, as opposed to traditional systems like terrestrial, cable and satellite, although internet itself is received by terrestrial, cable or satellite methods.

Internet television should not to be confused with Smart TV, IPTV or with Web TV. Smart TV refers to the TV set which has an inbuilt operating system. Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is one of the emerging Internet television technology standards for use by television broadcasters. Web television is a term used for programs created by a wide variety of companies and individuals for broadcast on Internet TV.





Image of Television Broadcasting:





Conclusion : 

Satellite Instruction Television Experiment is very brode and huge number in apply in would .